When I woke up, we were suspended up in trees.
当我醒来时，我们被悬挂在树上。
Corporate Airlines Flight 5966 crashes on final approach to Kirksville, Missouri.
Corporate Airlines航班5966号在接近密苏里州柯克斯维尔的最后阶段坠毁。
I just thought, I need to get out of this plane before it blows up.
我当时只想，我得在飞机爆炸前逃出去。
Only two people survive.
只有两人生还。
If you went to the accident site, you wouldn't recognize it as an airplane.
如果你去事故现场，你根本认不出那是架飞机。
The wreckage provides no clues.
残骸没有留下任何线索。
Instruments all checked out.
所有仪器都检查过了。
It was fit to fly.
它适合飞行。
And the cockpit voice recorder reveals a team working well together.
驾驶舱语音记录器显示出一个团队良好的合作。
No flags except for the vertical.
没有任何异常，除了垂直方向。
Keep it slow.
保持低速。
Till the flight's final seconds.
直到飞行的最后几秒。
No!
不！
Trees!
树木！
Things went bad real fast.
事情突然变得非常糟糕。
So the question became, what happened?
所以问题来了，到底发生了什么？
If we have to go mist, we'll set max power.
如果我们需要进入云雾，我们会设置最大动力。
Flaps 10, positive break, gear up.
襟翼10度，正向刹车，起落架收起。
The pilots of Corporate Airlines Flight 5966 complete their approach briefing into Kirksville, Missouri Regional Airport.
Corporate Airlines 5966航班的飞行员完成了飞往密苏里州柯克斯维尔地区机场的进近简报。
Then we'll climb 3,000 feet, then direct Kirksville VOR.
然后我们将爬升至3000英尺，然后直飞柯克斯维尔VOR。
Captain Kim Sasse has been a pilot since the late 1980s, but only started flying professionally in the last five years.
金·萨斯（Kim Sasse）自1980年代末就成为了飞行员，但只是在过去五年里开始从事专业飞行。
I'll ask you to walk me through that if we need it.
如果需要的话，我会请你帮我复述一遍。
Roger that.
收到。
I will categorize Kim as a bon vivant, with a colorful language.
我会把金描述为一个享乐主义者，用词丰富多彩。
He was very calm when he was flying, and his knowledge was excellent.
他飞行时非常镇定，而且知识渊博。
First Officer Jonathan Palmer has three years professional flying experience with regional airlines.
副驾驶乔纳森·帕尔默（Jonathan Palmer）拥有三年的地区航空公司专业飞行经验。
The pilots viewed your time with the regionals as somewhat of the dues you pay to get to the airlines or the high-end corporate jobs.
飞行员们认为在地区航空公司工作是为了进入大型航空公司或高端企业工作而付出的一种代价。
This is where you built your time, it's where you got your experience.
这是你积累飞行时数的地方，也是你获得经验的地方。
There are 13 passengers on tonight's flight.
今晚的航班上有13名乘客。
That flight was actually a pretty smooth flight.
那次飞行实际上相当平稳。
I don't remember any turbulence or bouncing or anything.
我不记得有任何颠簸或者晃动之类的。
It was a nice flight.
那是一次愉快的飞行。
Wendy Bonham is with a group of doctors traveling to a medical conference.
温迪·邦汉（Wendy Bonham）和一群前往医学会议的医生在一起。
Do you have another copy?
你还有另一份副本吗？
I left mine at home.
我把我的留在家里了。
The topic of the conference was compassion in medicine, which was a great topic, so I was kind of excited to go.
会议的主题是医学中的同情心，这是一个很好的话题，所以我有点兴奋要去参加。
I'm really looking forward to some of these panels.
我真的很期待参加这些讨论小组。
I had only started at Kirksville College a few months before that, so I wasn't familiar with all the people who were on board, but they all knew each other really well, and they were all chatting with each other, so it was kind of fun to watch.
在那之前我才刚刚在柯克斯维尔学院（Kirksville College）开始工作几个月，所以我对机上所有人都不太熟悉，但他们彼此都非常了解，都在互相聊天，所以看着他们聊天挺有趣的。
Tonight's flight is a short 50-minute trip from St.
今晚的航班是从圣市起飞的短途50分钟旅程。
Louis to Kirksville, Missouri.
从圣路易斯飞往密苏里州的柯克斯维尔。
Visit Houston.
访问休斯顿。
The workload on short flights is intense because as soon as you get the airplane squared away from the takeoff, you've immediately got to start preparing it.
短途飞行的工作量很大，因为一旦飞机起飞后稳定下来，你就必须立即开始准备降落工作。
We're going into the crap.
我们要进入困境了。
Look, it's all eerie and creepy.
看，这里又阴森又可怕。
These pilots have flown multiple times together over the last week and encountered a lot of bad weather.
这些飞行员在过去一周里已经一起飞行了多次，并且遇到了很多恶劣天气。
I've got a suffocating feeling every time I see that.
每次看到那个我都感到窒息。
I'm drowning!
我要淹死了！
The office in which pilots work is quite small.
飞行员工作的办公室非常小。
It's got a wonderful view, but it is actually a quite tight working environment.
它有一个绝佳的视野，但实际上是一个相当狭小的工作环境。
And you're in that environment for six, eight, ten hours during a day.
你可能要在这样的环境中工作六、八、甚至十个小时。
You have to find ways to get along.
你必须找到相处的方法。
The pilots are flying a Jetstream 32, a twin-engine, high-performance turboprop aircraft built for short-range flights.
飞行员驾驶的是Jetstream 32，一种双引擎、高性能的涡轮螺旋桨飞机，专为短程飞行设计。
The Jetstream was designed for this type of work.
Jetstream 正是为这种工作而设计的。
It was an economical airplane, it was reasonably comfortable for the passengers, but it was capable of going in and out of smaller airports and still being able to make a profit for the airline.
它是一种经济型飞机，对乘客来说相当舒适，但它能够进出小型机场，并且仍能为航空公司带来利润。
The Jetstream is fuel-efficient and reliable.
Jetstream 燃油效率高且可靠。
But this particular model has no autopilot.
但这个特定型号没有自动驾驶仪。
The Jetstream not having any autopilot made our days very long.
Jetstream 没有自动驾驶仪，让我们的工作日变得非常漫长。
You had to constantly fly the airplane, and autopilot wouldn't be nice on those long sequences that we were doing.
你必须不断地驾驶飞机，长时间的飞行中如果有自动驾驶仪会很好。
But on the positive part, the Jetstream made you a very good pilot.
但从积极的方面来看，Jetstream 让你成为一个非常优秀的飞行员。
Flight 5966 is being monitored by a central controller in Kansas City, as there is no controller at Kirksville Airport.
航班5966由位于堪萨斯城的中央控制员监控，因为柯克斯维尔机场没有控制员。
Corbex 5966, turn right heading 330.
Corbex 5966，右转航向330。
Maintain 3000 till established on localizer.
保持3000英尺直到进入定位信号。
Cleared runway 36, approach at Kirksville.
获准进入柯克斯维尔36跑道进近。
3000 till established, cleared for the approach.
保持3000英尺直到进入定位，获准进近。
Cleared for the approach.
获准进近。
16 miles south of the airport, the pilots begin to configure the aircraft for landing.
飞机距离机场16英里处，飞行员开始为降落配置飞机。
Course alive.
航向信号有效。
Cross check.
交叉检查。
No flags except for the vertical.
除了垂直指示之外没有警告。
Keep it slow.
保持低速。
All the time we need.
我们有足够的时间。
Let's go flaps 10 and we'll configure early too.
设定襟翼10度，我们也提前配置。
Give ourselves as much time as we can.
尽可能给自己留出更多时间。
All right, flaps 10.
好的，襟翼10度。
The crew is flying a non-precision approach.
机组正在执行一次非精密进近。
They don't have vertical landing guidance.
他们没有垂直降落指引。
Configuring early reduces the workload as they near the airport.
提前配置可以减轻他们临近机场时的工作负担。
One of the things that in any approach, but particularly in a non-precision approach, you want to minimize the number of variables.
在任何进近中，尤其是非精密进近中，你都希望尽量减少变数。
And one of the ways you do that is you get the airplane in a position to land earlier than normal.
其中一种方法是让飞机比平常更早进入准备降落的状态。
Let's make sure the lights are up, please.
请确保灯光已经打开。
The lights at Kirksville are pilot-activated
Kirksville的灯光是由飞行员激活的。
The airports without a lot of traffic that goes in and out of them, one of the ways that they reduce the cost of running the airport is they don't have the lights on all the time.
对于那些出入航班不多的机场，他们减少运营成本的一种方式是不会一直开启灯光。
The pilots have the ability to control those lights with a series of microphone clicks on a specific radio frequency.
飞行员可以通过在特定无线电频率上连续点击麦克风来控制这些灯光。
If those lights are not on, particularly when you fly with a low visibility and at night, you won't see the runway.
如果这些灯光没有打开，特别是在能见度低和夜间飞行时，你将看不到跑道。
So if you don't see the runway, you can't land.
所以如果你看不到跑道，你就无法降落。
Seven times I clicked it.
我点击了七次。
I cleaned it.
我清理了它。
They're still too far out to see the lights.
他们还太远，看不到灯光。
Captain Sassi wants to avoid surprises.
萨西机长想要避免意外。
What we can do is we can call Kirksville Ops and ask them to confirm they're up.
我们可以做的是，我们可以呼叫Kirksville运营部门，让他们确认灯光是否亮起。
The pilots confirm with airline operations on the ground.
飞行员与地面航空公司运营部门确认。
Kirksville Ops, Corvex 5966.
Kirksville运营部，Corvex 5966。
5966?
5966？
Yeah, could you tell me if the approach lights are up?
是的，你能告诉我进近灯光是否亮起了吗？
I would do that when I didn't see the airport and say, hey, did you see the lights coming on for the approach?
当我看不到机场时，我会这样做，说，嘿，你看到进近灯光亮起了吗？
It's a good technique.
这是一个好技巧。
Lights are on.
灯光已经打开了。
Cool, thanks.
好的，谢谢。
There was one doctor up in the front who didn't put her seat belt on.
前面有位医生没有系安全带。
And I wanted to call out to her and say,
我想要对她喊，
put your seatbelt on, but I, it, I didn't.
系上你的安全带，但是我，它，我没有。
I wasn't afraid, but I just, I'm a rule keeper and thought she should have her seatbelt on.
我不是害怕，但我就是个遵规者，觉得她应该系上安全带。
Two and a half miles from the airport, the pilots search for the runway.
距离机场两英里半，飞行员们寻找着跑道。
400.
400。
It's very critical to maintain that altitude because if you don't see the runway, you gotta go missed because you cannot land without seeing the runway.
保持那个高度非常关键，因为如果你看不到跑道，你得执行复飞，因为在看不到跑道的情况下是不能降落的。
Flight 5966 emerges from the clouds.
5966航班穿出云层。
350, here we are.
350，我们到了。
Two miles from the runway, the pilots are still looking for the approach lights.
距离跑道两英里，飞行员们仍在寻找进近灯光。
You are flying 336 feet above the ground, so there's not a lot of room for error.
你现在飞行在距地面336英尺的高度，所以没有太多的错误余地。
What do you think?
你怎么看？
I could see a ground there.
我能看到地面了。
I don't see anything.
我什么都没看到。
Oh, yeah.
哦，对。
There it is.
在那儿。
Approach lights in sight.
看到进近灯了。
But just as the pilots appear to have the runway lights in sight... Flaps 35.
就在飞行员似乎看到了跑道灯光的时候...襟翼35度。
..something goes wrong.
..出了点问题。
No.
不。
No!
不！
Jeez!
天哪！
What's going on?
发生了什么？
I just remember thinking, I can't believe this is happening.
我只记得当时在想，我不敢相信这真的发生了。
Corporate Airlines Flight 5966 has crashed into a wooded area 1.2 miles south of the airport at Kirksville, Missouri.
Corporate Airlines 5966航班已经坠毁在密苏里州柯克斯维尔机场南方1.2英里的树林中。
When I woke up, it was dark and it was quiet.
当我醒来时，四周一片漆黑，非常安静。
And the only sound that I could hear then was just the sound of fire.
那时我唯一能听到的声音就是火焰的声音。
We were suspended up in trees.
我们被挂在树上。
Wendy Bonham and her colleague Dr. Krogh struggle to escape.
Wendy Bonham和她的同事Dr. Krogh努力逃生。
I just felt like I needed to move.
我只觉得我需要动一动。
I have always had a fear of blowing up and there was a fire in the back of the plane and I just thought I need to get out of this plane before it blows up.
我一直害怕爆炸，飞机后部起火了，我只想在飞机爆炸前赶紧逃出去。
I don't remember walking from my seat to the side of the plane.
我不记得是怎么从座位走到飞机边上的。
It was a ways down and there was fire down there.
下面有一段距离，还有火。
There is no other way out of the plane.
飞机上没有其他出口了。
I don't remember falling from the plane down to the ground.
我不记得是怎么从飞机上掉到地上的。
I remember before and after.
我记得事故前后的情况。
And I stood up and I could see Dr. Krogh pretty close to the plane and he was laying down.
我站起来，能看到Dr. Krogh离飞机很近，他躺在地上。
The other 11 passengers and both pilots are dead.
其他11名乘客和两名飞行员都死了。
They were all really incredible people that did incredible things for their communities.
他们都是为社区做出了不凡贡献的了不起的人。
And that's hard for me.
这对我来说很难接受。
For the Palette community, this is something that is touching us because that could be us.
对Palette社区来说，这件事触动了我们，因为那可能是我们。
That could be me.
那可能是我。
We want to know why, what happened.
我们想知道为什么，发生了什么。
It's up to the National Transportation Safety Board to investigate.
国家运输安全委员会负责调查。
But there's not much left of the plane for them to examine.
但是飞机残骸已经不多了。
Most of the aircraft itself was consumed by the fire.
大部分飞机都被火焰吞噬了。
There wasn't a lot left.
几乎没剩下什么。
I mean, there's engines, propellers and other things, but if you went to the accident site, you wouldn't recognize it as an airplane.
我的意思是，还有发动机、螺旋桨和其他东西，但如果你去事故现场，你根本认不出那是一架飞机。
What a mess.
真是一团糟。
This is what we have from structures.
这是我们从结构上得到的信息。
Although the plane was almost completely destroyed, an on-site team is able to analyze the debris.
尽管飞机几乎完全被摧毁，现场团队还是能够分析出残骸。
I'm amazed that we were able to get this much data from that heap.
我惊讶我们能从那堆废墟中获取这么多数据。
Investigators turn to the wreckage analysis to determine if the plane had any mechanical problems that could have caused the accident.
调查人员开始分析残骸，以确定飞机是否存在可能导致事故的机械问题。
We've gone through that wreckage with a fine-tooth comb.
我们已经仔细检查了那些残骸。
Engines, controls, instruments all checked out.
发动机、控制系统、仪表都检查过了。
Looking at all the data we had from the accident site, it appeared that the airplane was fully functional at the time it hit the ground.
根据我们从事故现场得到的所有数据，看起来飞机在撞击地面时是完全正常的。
So the plane's working fine.
所以飞机运行良好。
They might still have lost control.
他们可能还是失去了控制。
They examine the direction of the plane's trail of debris.
他们检查了飞机残骸散落的方向。
They first hit the trees here, just over 1.3 miles short of the runway.
他们首先撞到这里的树木，距离跑道短了1.3英里多。
They fly another 775 feet and hit another set of trees here.
他们又飞了775英尺，撞到了这里的另一组树木。
The plane was headed straight for the runway the entire time.
飞机一直直奔跑道而去。
We had enough information that looking at all the pieces, this accident started to look like it was a human performance issue and not an airplane issue.
我们有足够的信息，通过查看所有碎片，这起事故开始看起来像是人为操作问题，而不是飞机问题。
What kind of an approach were they flying that night?
那天晚上他们执行的是什么样的进近方式？
Non-precision to runway 36.
非精密进近到36号跑道。
Unfortunately, the accident rate for non-precision approaches is dramatically higher than on those approaches with an instrument landing system.
不幸的是，非精密进近的事故率远高于有仪表着陆系统的进近方式。
What do we know about the weather that night?
那天晚上的天气情况怎么样？
Wind was nominal.
风速正常。
No turbulence or rain to speak of.
没有值得一提的湍流或雨。
Hold on a sec.
等一下。
Cloud ceiling was low, 300 feet.
云层很低，300英尺。
The cloud ceiling is the distance between the base of the clouds and the ground.
云底高度是云层基底到地面的距离。
Visibility was 3 to 5 miles.
能见度是3到5英里。
They're flying blind through the clouds.
他们在云层中盲飞。
It's misty, visibility is poor.
雾气蒙蒙，能见度差。
Those are bad conditions for a non-precision approach.
这些都是非精密进近的不良条件。
Question is, are they bad enough to cause this accident?
问题是，这些条件足够严重到导致这起事故吗？
Well, let's find out.
好吧，让我们找出答案。
In low visibility conditions, a non-precision approach is very challenging to fly, because you come down to the lowest altitude, you have to level off there, and you fly along looking for the runway environment.
在能见度低的条件下，非精密进近非常具有挑战性，因为你要下降到最低高度，然后在那里保持水平飞行，寻找跑道环境。
Investigators speak to a pilot who landed in Kirksville ahead of Flight 5966.
调查人员询问了一位在5966航班之前降落在柯克斯维尔的飞行员。
How bad was the weather that night?
那天晚上的天气有多糟糕？
Flying was smooth, but visibility was right on the cusp, maybe two to five miles.
飞行很平稳，但能见度正好在临界点，可能是两到五英里。
I have to state it had been soupy for a couple of days.
我必须说，前几天一直都是浓雾。
How was the visibility for landing?
降落时的能见度怎么样？
No issues.
没有问题。
If it had been worse, we would have gone around.
如果情况更糟，我们就会绕飞。
Why did Flight 5966 crash when other aircraft flew the same approach safely that night?
为什么其他飞机当晚安全飞行了同样的进近方式，而5966航班却坠毁了？
So the question became, what went wrong that day?
所以问题变成了，那天出了什么问题？
And that takes time to put together.
要弄清楚这个需要时间。
We've got the performance data ready to go.
我们已经准备好了性能数据。
Let's see how they handled the approach.
让我们看看他们是如何处理进近的。
Using a combination of data from the flight recorder and radar, investigators analyze the flight's descent profile.
调查人员利用飞行记录器和雷达数据分析了飞机的下降轨迹。
It was important for the team to take a look at the descent profile.
团队认为重要的是要查看下降轨迹。
How did it wind up where it did?
它是怎么最终到达那个位置的？
So we start backing up during the whole approach where it was during these segments.
所以我们开始在整个进近过程中倒推，看看它在这些阶段的位置。
So they come in like this and continue straight to the ground.
所以他们是这样进来的，然后直接坠向地面。
Can we see their MDA?
我们能看到他们的最低下降高度（MDA）吗？
So the plane was supposed to level off at the minimum descent altitude before continuing to descend to the runway.
所以飞机本应在最低下降高度水平飞行，然后再继续下降到跑道。
Why would they blow right past the MDA like that?
他们为什么会直接越过MDA呢？
If they didn't level off at the minimum descent altitude, why not?
如果他们没有在最低下降高度水平飞行，为什么不呢？
What didn't they see or what didn't they do?
他们没有看到什么或者没有做什么？
How fast were they descending?
他们的下降速度有多快？
1,200 feet per minute.
每分钟1200英尺。
What should they have been doing?
他们应该怎么做？
Below 300 feet of altitude, the max is 900 feet per minute.
在高度低于300英尺时，最大下降速度是每分钟900英尺。
Once you get to minimum descent altitude, you should stop your descent altogether and continue on.
一旦到达最低下降高度，你应该停止下降，继续水平飞行。
Why did Flight 5966 descend so low and so fast?
为什么5966航班会下降得这么低这么快？
They continued that descent speed right up until they crashed.
他们一直保持那个下降速度，直到坠毁。
Why didn't they slow down before striking the trees?
他们为什么没有在撞到树木前减速？
Investigators listen to the cockpit voice recorder to understand why the pilots of Corporate Airlines 5966 crashed short of the runway in Missouri.
调查人员聆听驾驶舱语音记录器，以了解Corporate Airlines 5966航班的飞行员为什么会在密苏里州的跑道前坠毁。
Ready?
准备好了吗？
OK, let's take it back to five minutes before the accident, when they're lined up for the runway.
好的，让我们回到事故前五分钟，当他们为跑道排队时。
The cockpit voice recorder is one of the most critical elements in the investigation.
驾驶舱语音记录器是调查中最关键的元素之一。
It's your most direct evidence on how the crew is interacting, on how they're following procedures, on exactly what happens on the human side.
它是你直接了解机组人员如何互动，如何遵循程序，以及人为方面到底发生了什么的最直接证据。
Course alive.
航向活跃了。
Cross check.
交叉检查。
No flags except for the vertical.
除了垂直指示器，没有任何标志。
Keep it slow.
保持慢速。
All the time we need.
我们有足够的时间。
Let's go flaps 10 and we'll configure early, too.
让我们放到10度襟翼，我们也提前配置好。
Let's give ourselves as much time as we can.
让我们尽可能多给自己一些时间。
All right, flaps 10.
好的，襟翼10度。
They're configuring the plane to land early.
他们提前配置飞机准备降落。
The team hears evidence of a cautious and prepared crew.
团队听到了一个谨慎且准备充分的机组的证据。
Smart move and low visibility.
在能见度低的情况下，这是明智的举动。
The crew on this flight knew that the weather was going to be challenging.
这次飞行的机组知道天气会有挑战。
And one of the ways that they tried to mitigate that or to improve their chances of a successful landing was to get the airplane configured early.
他们尝试减轻这种挑战或提高成功降落的机会之一的方式是提前配置好飞机。
Let's make sure the lights are up, please.
让我们确保灯光调亮，请。
All right.
好的。
There are cases where the captain does an exemplary job, where he goes beyond the requirements.
有些情况下，机长的表现是值得称赞的，他超出了要求。
He asks the first officer to call ahead to make sure from the ground that the lights are working and that they're turned up fully.
他让副驾驶提前打电话确保地面的灯光工作正常，而且亮度调到最大。
It's not required.
这不是必须的。
It's an excellent idea, especially in these conditions.
在这种条件下，这是个极好的主意。
I'm hearing an organized crew here.
我听到的是一个有组织的机组。
Take it to when they near the MDA.
让我们听听他们接近MDA时的情况。
If there's a big mistake, it'll likely be then.
如果有大错误，很可能就在那时。
The minimum descent altitude is the lowest altitude you're permitted to fly at until you see the runway environment.
最低下降高度是你被允许飞行的最低高度，直到你看到跑道环境。
400.
400。
350, here we are.
350，我们到了。
OK, they're at the MDA.
好的，他们到了MDA。
It's decision time.
现在是决策时刻。
So, what do you think?
那么，你怎么看？
I could see ground there.
我能看到地面。
Minimums.
最低高度。
Minimums.
最低高度。
Minimums.
最低高度。
I don't see anything.
我什么都看不到。
Oh, yeah.
哦，是的。
There it is.
看到了。
Approach sights in sight.
看到进近灯了。
Hold it there.
停在这里。
They're two miles out.
他们距离两英里。
300 feet up.
高出300英尺。
They've just come out of the clouds.
他们刚刚从云层中出来。
With the mist that night, they probably couldn't see the runway lights.
那天晚上有雾，他们可能看不到跑道灯。
There's only farmland from here to the airport.
从这里到机场只有农田。
I can't see anything the captain could have mistaken for runway.
我看不出机长可能误以为是跑道的东西。
Why is the captain even looking for the approach lights?
机长为什么还在寻找进近灯？
So the captain's the first one to say, I see something outside the airplane.
所以机长是第一个说，我在飞机外面看到了东西。
He sees the ground.
他看到了地面。
He sees lights.
他看到了灯光。
He shouldn't be doing that.
他不应该这么做。
He should be totally focused inside the airplane.
他应该完全专注于飞机内部。
The first officer is supposed to see the approach lights and call out, approach lights in sight, continue.
副驾驶应该看到进近灯并报告，“看到进近灯了，继续。”
But the CVR recording tells a different story.
但是飞行记录器的录音讲述了不同的故事。
Instead, they're both looking for the runway.
相反，他们俩都在寻找跑道。
And nobody is paying attention to the plane's descent speed and altitude.
而且没有人注意到飞机的下降速度和高度。
The flying pilot should have been monitoring exclusively instruments.
操纵飞行的飞行员应该专门监控仪器。
And what sadly occurred was that the normal flight path continued below the minimum descent altitude, and neither one of them caught it.
而悲剧的是，正常的飞行路径继续低于最低下降高度，他们俩都没有发现。
And that is very apparent when you hear this, trees, and it shocked both of them.
当你听到这个，“树木”，这让他们俩都感到震惊。
They did not expect to see that.
他们没有预料到会看到这个。
They spend four and a half minutes following procedure.
他们花了四分半钟遵循程序。
They configure the plane early for landing.
他们提前为降落配置飞机。
Here they make sure the runway lights are on early.
这里他们确保跑道灯提前打开。
First officer calls out minimum descent altitude.
副驾驶报告最低下降高度。
And from this point, 23 seconds from impact.
从这一点开始，距离撞击还有23秒。
It all goes wrong.
一切都出错了。
Captain's looking outside when he shouldn't.
机长在外面看的时候不应该这样。
The first officer doesn't challenge him.
副驾驶没有挑战他。
Next thing, they're crashing.
接下来，他们就坠毁了。
It's surprising how much the captain's performance suddenly fell apart at the end.
令人惊讶的是，机长的表现在最后突然崩溃了。
That even listening to it, he sounded like he was much better than that.
即使是听着录音，他听起来应该比这要好得多。
It's a surprise for me, professionally, that this can happen.
对我来说，作为一个专业人士，这种事情的发生真是让人意外。
Investigators need to find out how a crew that seemed to be flying so well... Flaps 35?
调查人员需要找出为什么一组看似飞行良好的机组人员...襟翼35度？
No.
不。
No!
不！
Trees!
树木！
...made such crucial mistakes in the last seconds of the flight.
...在飞行的最后几秒钟犯下了如此关键的错误。
Holy crap!
天哪！
I take a back 30 minutes before impact.
我回溯到撞击前30分钟。
Investigators return to the cockpit conversation for clues to explain why the crew ignored established procedures in the final 23 seconds of their flight.
调查人员回顾驾驶舱对话，寻找线索，解释为什么机组人员在飞行的最后23秒忽视了既定程序。
There, my hair was down to my breast pocket.
那时，我的头发长到胸前口袋。
Are you serious?
你是认真的吗？
Right here, you can hold my hair like this.
就在这里，你可以这样抓住我的头发。
I cannot see you with long hair like that.
我无法想象你长着那样的长发。
I used to wear a black derby with the ribbon turned down.
我过去常戴一顶带有下垂丝带的黑色圆顶硬礼帽。
It was my concert hat.
那是我的音乐会帽子。
at a Fu Manchu.
还有一个傅满洲胡子。
Yeah, it was fun.
是的，那很有趣。
I cannot imagine you like that.
我无法想象你那样。
Corp X-5966, climb and maintain one two thousander.
Corp X-5966，请爬升至一万二千英尺。
Twelve thousander.
一万二千英尺。
One two thousand, Corp X-5966.
一万二千，Corp X-5966。
Twelve-er-thousander-er.
一万二千-英尺-儿。
I detect a bit of an attitude there.
我感觉到了一点态度。
I might have to call him a jerk.
我可能得称他为混蛋了。
Does that seem a bit casual to you?
你觉得这有点随意吗？
Yeah, but they're above 10,000.
是的，但他们在一万英尺以上。
So cockpit doesn't have to be sterile at this point.
所以此时驾驶舱不必保持无杂音。
The philosophy of the sterile cockpit rule is below 10,000 feet, the flight crew is engaged in only what's required to basically fly the airplane.
无杂音驾驶舱规则的理念是，在一万英尺以下，飞行机组只从事基本飞行所需的工作。
No non-pertinent conversations.
不进行无关的对话。
Keep going.
继续。
I had a good time flying with you.
我很高兴和你一起飞行。
Yeah, me too.
我也是。
Just letting you know that.
只是想让你知道。
You gotta have fun.
你得享受乐趣。
That's the truth, man.
那是真的，伙计。
You gotta have fun.
你得享受乐趣。
Too many of these jerks take themselves way too seriously in this job.
太多的这些混蛋在这份工作中对自己太认真了。
I've flown with them, and it sucks.
我和他们一起飞过，那简直痛苦。
A month of freaking agony.
一个月的折磨。
All you want to do is strangle the jerk when you get to the ground, man.
一落地你就想掐死那个混蛋，伙计。
Oh.
哦。
The conversation raises a major concern for investigators.
这段对话让调查人员非常关注。
Sure, they're joking, but the captain is essentially telling him how he wants the first officer to behave.
当然，他们在开玩笑，但机长实际上在告诉副驾驶他希望副驾驶如何表现。
That's disturbing, and it sets a disturbing atmosphere.
这很令人不安，它营造了一种不安的氛围。
It's a bad setting, but it kept him in terms of priorities.
这是一个糟糕的设置，但它让他在优先级方面保持了一致。
OK, what's next?
好的，下一步是什么？
Cruise check, power check, he pushes for the way.
巡航检查，动力检查，他推动了飞行。
Yes.
是的。
It's a relatively compact airplane, and the passengers in the front of the airplane can sometimes put their foot into the cockpit area.
这是一架相对紧凑的飞机，飞机前部的乘客有时会把脚伸进驾驶舱区域。
Cruise power, cruise check.
巡航动力，巡航检查。
All you gotta do is you open the curtain a little bit.
你所要做的就是稍微拉开一点窗帘。
It's like, man.
就像，伙计。
Some people I invite their feet up to make them more comfortable, but damn.
有些人我邀请他们把脚抬起来，让他们更舒服，但该死。
I dropped my book on him purposely one time.
有一次我故意把我的书掉在他身上。
Right on top of the arch of the foot.
正好掉在脚的拱部上。
Oh.
哦。
OK, stop it.
好了，停下来。
The captain starts his crew's power checks, but then interrupts himself to tell a story about hurting a passenger.
机长开始进行他的机组动力检查，但随后打断自己，讲述了一个关于伤害乘客的故事。
It's really inappropriate.
这真的很不合适。
The lack of respect for passengers is striking in his conversation.
他在对话中对乘客缺乏尊重是显而易见的。
Your power lever's right on top of his foot.
你的动力杆正好在他的脚上。
The power spiked up a bit.
动力稍微上升了一点。
The first officer has to tell the captain twice to adjust his power levers, but he insists on telling this irrelevant story.
副驾驶不得不两次告诉机长调整他的动力杆，但他坚持讲这个无关的故事。
All right, let's see if the first officer can get him back on track.
好，我们来看看副驾驶是否能让他回到正轨。
All I'm thinking about is a Philly frickin' cheesesteak and a nice tea.
我现在想的只是费城的芝士牛排和一杯好茶。
Sounds good.
听起来不错。
Uh, cruise power's set, altimeter's 2-9-9-0 set, and cross-checked.
嗯，巡航动力设置好了，高度计2-9-9-0设置好了，交叉检查了。
Now the captain interrupts their checklist to discuss his dinner plans.
现在机长打断他们的检查清单，讨论他的晚餐计划。
How'd he get 2-9-9-0?
你怎么得到2-9-9-0的？
Because you're an idiot?
因为你是个白痴？
It should be 2-9-9-2.
应该是2-9-9-2。
You never said it when they cleared to the runway?
他们清除到跑道时你没说吗？
Investigators hear the captain mocking the first officer while confirming their altimeter setting.
调查人员听到机长在确认他们的高度计设置时嘲笑副驾驶。
And I've been sitting here living a lie for the last 20 minutes.
我已经在这里活在谎言中过去的20分钟了。
Yeah, you lying scumbag.
是的，你这个骗子。
Damn boost pumps are off, pressurization is set, and external lights... You blustering, scabby pustule.
该死的增压泵关闭了，增压设置好了，外部灯光...你这个吹牛的疥疮。
...are externalized.
...已经外部化了。
Your damn cruise checklist is fricking done.
你该死的巡航检查清单完成了。
The captain's jokes have totally eroded procedure.
机长的玩笑完全破坏了程序。
Even the first officer has given in and turned his checklist into a joke.
即使副驾驶也屈服了，把他的检查清单变成了玩笑。
There would be pressure on the first officer.
副驾驶会感到压力。
He does go along with the joking, but the captain is still the pilot in command and he has to set the tone.
他确实跟着开玩笑，但机长仍然是指挥飞行的飞行员，他必须设定基调。
There's a danger that the first officer will not focus to the extent that's required.
存在副驾驶可能不会集中注意力到所需程度的危险。
Did a breakdown in the cockpit command structure affect the first officer's actions at a critical moment?
驾驶舱指挥结构的崩溃是否影响了副驾驶在关键时刻的行动？
350, here we are.
350，我们到了。
What do you think?
你怎么看？
I could see ground there.
我能看到地面。
Minimums.
最低限度。
Minimums.
最低限度。
Minimums.
最低限度。
I don't see anything.
我什么都看不到。
Oh yeah, there it is.
哦，是的，看到了。
Approach sights inside.
看到进近灯了。
You gotta have fun.
你得享受乐趣。
Too many of these jerks take themselves way too seriously in this job.
太多的这些混蛋在这份工作中对自己太认真了。
Flaps 35.
襟翼35度。
The kind of atmosphere he set up earlier in making fun of other pilots and making fun of the passengers sets up the wrong tone.
他早些时候设定的氛围，嘲笑其他飞行员和乘客，营造了错误的基调。
It doesn't encourage the first officer to object.
这不鼓励副驾驶提出异议。
When things were falling apart, he could have stepped in and done something.
当事情开始崩溃时，他本可以介入并采取行动。
It looks like a complete breakdown in command structure led to this accident.
看起来完全的指挥结构崩溃导致了这次事故。
The question is, why?
问题是，为什么？
Got their personnel files?
有他们的人事档案吗？
Investigators study the pilots' training and previous flights to determine if the crew of Flight 5966 had a history of deviating from airline procedures.
调查人员研究飞行员的培训和以往的飞行记录，以确定5966航班的机组人员是否有违反航空公司程序的历史。
It's very important to get a broad sense of what the pilots like from previous flights.
获取飞行员在以前飞行中的广泛印象是非常重要的。
What is their reputation?
他们的名声如何？
Have any of the problems that show up in this accident shown up before?
这次事故中出现的问题以前有出现过吗？
Is this a recurring problem?
这是一个反复出现的问题吗？
The captain left a well-paying job to become a pilot.
机长为了成为飞行员，放弃了一份高薪的工作。
Plenty of hours.
飞行时数充足。
Passed all the checks.
通过了所有的检查。
He had an interview lined up with a major airline.
他已经安排了一次与一家大型航空公司的面试。
You have a capable pilot who's devoted to aviation, who gave up a computer industry job that paid several times as much money because he wanted to be a pilot.
你有一个能干的飞行员，他献身于航空事业，放弃了计算机行业的工作，那份工作的薪水是现在的好几倍，因为他想成为一名飞行员。
First officer checks out too.
副驾驶也检查无误。
Ten years experience, squeaky clean record, no incidents.
有十年的经验，记录清白无瑕，没有任何事故。
They were joking a fair bit, almost punch drunk.
他们开玩笑开得很凶，几乎像是喝醉了一样。
Do you think they may have been overtired?
你认为他们可能过于疲劳了吗？
Fatigue can greatly impact performance.
疲劳会极大地影响表现。
You get more tired and all of a sudden your level of precision can go downhill.
你越累，你的精确度就可能急剧下降。
The team turns to other corporate airlines pilots for more insight into the crew.
团队转向其他公司的航空公司飞行员，以获得更多关于机组人员的了解。
Hi.
嗨。
Did you see any unusual behavior from these pilots that would suggest they were tired?
你有没有看到这些飞行员有任何不寻常的行为，会让你觉得他们很累？
Actually, Captain Sass did try to take a nap here in the pilot's lounge before the flight.
实际上，萨斯机长确实在飞行前在飞行员休息室尝试小睡了一会儿。
They noted that he's six foot four, very tall, and the couch was actually quite small.
他们注意到他身高六英尺四，非常高，而沙发实际上相当小。
He didn't quite fit on it.
他躺在上面并不舒服。
So it couldn't have been ideal for sleeping.
所以这对睡眠来说不可能是理想的。
Any idea how long he was asleep?
你知道他睡了多久吗？
Maybe an hour.
大概一个小时。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Fatigue is insidious in that you get an increasing performance degradation once you are at a higher level of fatigue.
疲劳的危险之处在于，一旦你疲劳程度加重，你的表现就会逐渐下降。
And performance impairment, it can be somewhat like alcohol.
而且表现受损，有点像酒精的效果。
These are the classic signs of fatigue.
这些是疲劳的典型迹象。
This is what we're looking for.
这就是我们要寻找的。
When I have a case that involves fatigue, I go back to the cockpit voice recording again to see, do they sound tired?
当我处理涉及疲劳的案件时，我会再次回到驾驶舱语音记录，看看他们听起来是否疲倦？
Here's something.
这里有点东西。
An automated weather update notifies the pilots of the poor visibility in Kirksville.
一个自动天气更新通知飞行员基尔克斯维尔能见度差。
We're not getting in.
我们进不去了。
Crap.
糟糕。
We go all this damn way.
我们走了这么远。
Let's try it.
我们试试看。
Yeah, we're going to try it.
是的，我们要试一试。
I don't want to come all the way out here for nothing tonight.
我不想今晚白跑一趟。
They haven't even gotten into the bad weather yet, and the captain's determined to land in it.
他们甚至还没进入恶劣天气，机长就决心要在其中降落。
Yeah.
是的。
He's fixated on landing.
他专注于降落。
It had not been an easy duty day.
那天的工作并不轻松。
And so they're probably getting towards the end of like, we'd like to get this flight over.
所以他们可能正处于想要结束这次飞行的状态。
But there's more than just fixation going on here.
但这里不仅仅是固执。
The pilot's discussion provides more evidence of fatigue.
飞行员的讨论提供了疲劳的更多证据。
When they find out the weather's bad, the captain should be talking about options other than landing.
当他们发现天气不好时，机长应该讨论除了降落之外的其他选项。
Well, he has the opportunity to discuss options now.
好吧，他现在有机会讨论选项。
What does he do?
他做了什么？
I'll be so happy when we have an ILS.
当我们有了仪表着陆系统（ILS）我会很高兴。
The next job, everywhere we go, we'll have an ILS.
下一份工作，我们去的每个地方都会有ILS。
Yep.
是的。
The captain complains about not having automated landing assistance, an ILS, at the airport.
机长抱怨机场没有自动着陆辅助系统，即ILS。
The only options he's talking about are future job prospects.
他讨论的唯一选项是未来的工作前景。
Instead of discussing options if they can't land, the captain is talking about his ambitions of flying for a bigger company.
机长没有讨论如果不能降落的选项，而是在谈论他飞行大公司的雄心壮志。
We're going into the crap.
我们要进入糟糕的天气了。
Look, it's all eerie and creepy.
看，周围都是阴森恐怖的。
Ooh.
哦。
Ten minutes earlier, they're upset about the bad weather, but when they're actually in it, they're cracking jokes.
十分钟前，他们对恶劣天气感到不安，但当他们真正进入时，他们却开起了玩笑。
The crew isn't responding fast enough to the changing situation.
机组人员对变化的情况反应不够迅速。
It can be a sign of fatigue.
这可能是疲劳的迹象。
People start to become giddy and are not critical enough or enough careful of their behaviour.
人们开始变得嬉皮笑脸，对自己的行为不够严肃或不够小心。
After this, they don't discuss the weather again for three minutes.
在此之后，他们三分钟都没有再讨论天气。
How's Crooksville looking weather-wise?
克鲁克斯维尔的天气情况如何？
Visibility, three miles.
能见度三英里。
Sky condition, overcast, 300.
天空状况，阴天，300。
Still overcast to 300 feet.
仍然是300英尺的阴天。
Now, when they do check again, the visibility is still bad, and they don't discuss options besides landing.
现在，当他们再次检查时，能见度仍然很差，他们没有讨论除了降落之外的其他选项。
They discover that the crew ignored multiple warnings about conditions on the approach.
他们发现机组人员忽视了多次关于接近条件的警告。
In fatigue, you don't respond to warnings, that there are warnings that this is not working, but that you're slow to respond to it.
在疲劳状态下，你不会对警告做出反应，有警告显示这不行，但你对此反应迟缓。
Just missing one piece.
只缺少一块拼图。
You already have it.
你已经有了。
The risky decision is to try to land when they can't decide if they can see the runway.
冒险的决定是尝试降落，当他们无法决定是否能看到跑道时。
I could see ground there.
我能看到地面。
I don't see anything.
我什么都看不见。
Oh yeah, there it is.
哦，对，就在那里。
Approach sights and sight.
接近视线内。
It's a decision the pilots regret almost immediately.
这是飞行员们几乎立即后悔的决定。
Flaps 35.
襟翼35度。
No.
不。
No!
不！
Trees!
树木！
Investigators conclude that fatigue played a major role in the crash of Flight 5966.
调查人员得出结论，疲劳在5966航班坠毁中起了重要作用。
So they've fixated on landing, right?
所以他们专注于降落，对吧？
They don't consider any of the other options.
他们没有考虑任何其他选项。
and they make the risky decision to land anyways.
他们还是决定冒险降落。
All the signs are there.
所有迹象都在那里。
I personally feel that fatigue is the largest human performance area that we can address as an industry to prevent accidents from happening.
我个人认为，疲劳是我们作为一个行业可以解决的最大的人类表现领域，以防止事故的发生。
It's not always obvious when someone is tired, and it's not obvious to them.
当有人疲倦时，并不总是明显的，对他们自己来说也不明显。
That scientific evidence is that people typically under-report how tired they are.
科学证据表明，人们通常会低估自己的疲劳程度。
Now, how much did these guys work before the accident flight?
那么，这些家伙在事故飞行前工作了多久？
Investigators analyze the pilots' duty hours leading up to the flight.
调查人员分析了飞行员在飞行前的工作时间。
To study fatigue, we look at the person is getting the amount of sleep that they normally get.
为了研究疲劳，我们看这个人是否获得了他们通常得到的睡眠量。
We look at how long they've been awake.
我们看他们已经醒了多久。
We look at the time of day.
我们看一天中的时间。
Those are scientifically worked out and we can get an idea from that.
这些都是科学计算出来的，我们可以从中得到一个概念。
The night of the flight, they had worked three days straight.
飞行当晚，他们连续工作了三天。
That'll tire you out.
那会让你累坏的。
Yeah, well, they had seven and a half hours of available rest time the night before the flight.
是的，他们在飞行前的晚上有七个半小时的可用休息时间。
That day, they flew six flights an hour each, and they were on duty for 14 hours straight, starting at 5.45 a.m.
那天，他们飞了六个航班，每个航班一小时，他们从早上5点45分开始连续工作了14个小时。
The team discovers that the crew of Flight 5966 worked an extremely long day before the accident flight.
团队发现5966航班的机组人员在事故飞行前工作了极长的一天。
The day of the accident was very busy.
事故发生的那天非常忙碌。
They had to get up about four in the morning.
他们大约在早上四点起床。
Their first flight was around five in the morning.
他们的第一次飞行大约在早上五点。
They were originally scheduled for eight flights, and they would have been on duty for about 14 hours.
他们原本计划进行八次飞行，他们将会工作大约14个小时。
It's quite a long day.
这是相当长的一天。
So it was an extremely long day, not enough rest, add to that plane with no autopilot.
所以这是非常漫长的一天，没有足够的休息，再加上没有自动驾驶的飞机。
What do the FAA regulations have to say about working in those conditions?
FAA的规定对在这些条件下工作有什么说法？
Were the pilots made to work too many hours without sufficient rest?
飞行员是否被迫工作了太多小时而没有足够的休息？
Check this out.
看看这个。
Pilots can't fly more than eight flight hours in a day, but that's it.
飞行员一天内不能飞行超过八个小时，但仅此而已。
I flew in those days, and you had a maximum number of flight hours in a day, but the number of duty hours and the time of day was not even taken into consideration.
我在那些日子里飞行，你一天内有最大飞行小时数的限制，但是工作小时数和一天中的时间甚至都没有考虑进去。
Isn't there data out there that says it isn't safe to fly if you've been up that long?
难道没有数据表明，如果你醒着那么久，飞行是不安全的吗？
A 2003 study of data from 55 accidents concluded that pilots who worked 13 or more duty hours had an accident rate several times higher than those working shorter days.
2003年的一项研究分析了55起事故的数据，得出结论，工作13个小时或更长时间的飞行员的事故率比工作时间较短的飞行员高出几倍。
Why isn't this information reflected in the regulations?
为什么这些信息没有反映在规定中？
This might have something to do with it.
这可能与此有关。
Investigators discover the reason why the FAA's rest and duty regulations don't reflect the latest research.
调查人员发现FAA的休息和工作时间规定为什么没有反映最新研究的原因。
Last time these regulations were updated, 1964.
上次这些规定更新是在1964年。
You had a dedicated and very capable crew.
你有一支敬业且非常能干的机组人员。
You had a company that was trying to do a good job.
你有一家试图做好工作的公司。
Really the regulations needed to be updated according to scientific principles to improve the safety for everyone.
实际上需要根据科学原理更新规定，以提高每个人的安全性。
The team now has a comprehensive picture of the accident of Corporate Airlines Flight 5966.
团队现在对公司航空5966航班的事故有了全面的了解。
At the end of a 14-hour day, two tired pilots attempt one final landing in challenging conditions.
在14个小时的工作日结束时，两个疲惫的飞行员在具有挑战性的条件下尝试最后一次降落。
I get a suffocating feeling every time I see that.
每次我看到那个，我都会感到窒息。
I'm drowning!
我在淹死！
The captain's joking and casual tone in the cockpit undermines the command structure between him and the first officer.
机长在驾驶舱里开玩笑和随意的语气破坏了他和副驾驶之间的指挥结构。
You gotta have fun.
你得享受乐趣。
That's the truth, man.
那是真的，伙计。
You gotta have fun.
你得享受乐趣。
Too many of these jerks take themselves way too seriously in this job.
太多的这些混蛋在这份工作中对自己太认真了。
The pilot's roles break down so much that in the critical 23 seconds before crashing, neither of them is doing his job.
飞行员的角色分解到了临界的23秒坠机前，他们俩都没有履行自己的职责。
So?
那又怎样？
What do you think?
你怎么看？
The captain ignores protocol and takes his eyes off his instruments.
机长无视规程，将目光从仪表上移开。
I can see ground there.
我能看到地面了。
I don't see anything.
我什么也看不见。
And the first officer doesn't challenge him.
副驾驶也没有对他提出质疑。
Flaps 35.
襟翼35度。
The pilot's fatigue likely contributed to poor decision-making and fatal preoccupation with landing.
飞行员的疲劳很可能导致了糟糕的决策和对降落的致命固执。
No.
不。
No!
不！
Trees!
树木！
The NTSB recommends an overhaul of the FAA's flight and duty time regulations to consider elements like length of duty day, start time, workload and other factors that can affect pilots' alertness.
国家运输安全委员会建议彻底检修联邦航空局的飞行和值勤时间规定，考虑值勤日长度、开始时间、工作量和其他可能影响飞行员警觉性的因素。
The NTSB had been advising changes in the regulations and the flight and duty time regulations for decades before this happened.
在这次事故发生之前，国家运输安全委员会已经建议修改规定和飞行值勤时间规定几十年了。
But I think with this accident, it really focused to a point that industry realized that this was necessary.
但我认为这次事故真正让行业意识到这是必要的。
This was a push from the major airlines first that then trickled down into other operations that were smaller, like the regional airlines and corporate operators.
这是从主要航空公司首先发起的推动，然后逐渐影响到其他规模较小的运营商，如地区航空公司和企业运营商。
For Wendy Bonham, the change came at too high a cost.
对于温迪·博纳姆来说，这个变化代价太高。
I'm comforted to hear that there were changes made in the length of time that pilots can fly because of this crash.
听说因为这次坠机事故，飞行员的飞行时间有了变化，我感到欣慰。
I suppose it's something good that came out of something that wasn't good at all.
我想这是从一件根本不好的事情中产生的一些好事。